RESUMO
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-É) inhibitors have become the mainstay of therapy for a wide range of autoinflammatory diseases, despite concerns regarding dermatological adverse reactions. In this paper, we describe the clinical and histological findings and outcome of a case of lichenoid eruption (LE) following adalimumab therapy for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and review four earlier reports concerning this rare clinical association. The time of onset varied considerably (three weeks to 52 months) and lesions varied within the clinical spectrum (from typical lichen planus to psoriasiform), but all had LE-compatible histology, with acanthosis, necrotic keratinocytes and lymphocytic infiltrate as hallmarks. Most patients (3/5) improved with treatment and one experienced full recovery, while in one case the lesions persisted. TNF-É has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lichen planus, making it difficult to explain how TNF-É antagonists can induce lichenoid reactions. The appearance of LE may in some cases justify cessation of therapy.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Realizar revisão integrativa de literatura sobre epidemiologia de quedas entre idosos no Brasil, buscando identificar taxa de ocorrência, recorrência e fatores potencialmente modificávies associados a esses episódios. MÉTODO: Foi efetuada revisão de literatura, consistindo na busca de artigos científicos das bases de dados Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) em 14 de novembro de 2017. Os artigos foram selecionados a partir das seguintes palavraschave: "Acidentes por quedas" E/OU "Idoso" E/OU "Brasil". Dados epidemiológicos foram extraídos dos estudos primários e comparados. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 35 artigos. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada nas regiões Sudeste (15) e Sul (11). A taxa de ocorrência de quedas variou entre 10,7 e 59,3%. O domicílio, no período diurno, é o cenário mais frequente de quedas. As circunstâncias mais comumente descritas são tropeço, escorregão, tontura e existência de desnível, ocasionando tombo da própria altura. Os fatores mais frequentemente associados às quedas foram sexo feminino, idade maior que 80 anos, déficit cognitivo e sintomas depressivos. As consequências identificadas foram fraturas e o medo de cair novamente. CONCLUSÃO: Alguns fatores associados aos tombos em idosos no Brasil são modificáveis e prevenir as quedas pode possibilitar a redução da morbimortalidade nessa população
OBJECTIVE: To conduct an integrative literature review on epidemiology of falls in older adults in Brazil, seeking to identify occurrence rate, recurrence, and potentially modifiable factors associated with these events. METHOD: This literature review consisted of searching the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) databases for scientific articles on November 14, 2017. The following keywords were used for finding articles: "accidental falls," AND/OR "elderly," AND/OR "Brazil." Epidemiological data were collected from primary studies and then compared. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies were selected. Most of them were performed in the Brazilian Southeast (15) and South (11) regions. The occurrence rate of falls ranged from 10.7 to 59.3%. The most common setting for falls was the home during daytime. The most commonly described circumstances were tripping, slipping, dizziness, and uneven flooring, resulting in falling from one's own height. The factors most frequently associated with falls were female sex, age greater than 80 years, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms. The reported consequences were fractures and fear of falling again. CONCLUSION: As some factors associated with falls in older adults in Brazil are modifiable, fall prevention may reduce morbidity and mortality in this population
